Neoplasia escamosa de la superficie ocular en una cavidad anoftálmica: reporte de caso y revisión de la literatura

Juliana M. Morales-Ávalos, Hospital General de Culiacán, Culiacán, Sinaloa, México
Adolfo J. Torres-Moreno, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Sinaloa, México
Agustín E. Aguirre-Niebla, Centro de Patología y Cáncer Humano, Culiacán, Sinaloa, México
Mario A. Salazar-Torres, Clínica de Prótesis Maxilofacial, Culiacán, Sinaloa, México

Objective: To present a clinical case and analyze the literature regarding conjunctival squamous neoplasms in anophthalmic cavities, due to the difficulty of their early detection caused by conjunctival changes associated with the absence of the globe. Materials and methods: A literature review of published clinical cases was conducted; 17 English-language articles were retrieved, and no Spanish-language articles. A total of 28 patients were identified from 1998 to the present. Results: In the literature review of 17 authors comprising a total of 28 patients, 17 cases were squamous cell carcinoma in situ, 10 were invasive squamous cell carcinoma, and one was mucoepidermoid carcinoma. There were 24 male patients with a mean age of 56.4 years (range: 20 to 77 years) and four female patients with a mean age of 56 years (range: 26 to 73 years). The mean duration of prosthesis use was 38 years (range: 12 to 63 years). The patient in our clinical case was managed with topical mitomycin C for three months, wide local excision, topical interferon alfa-2b for six months, 30 sessions of radiotherapy, and cavity reconstruction due to shortening of the inferior fornix, with follow-up biopsies; the patient is currently in recovery. Conclusion: Patients with an anophthalmic cavity must undergo periodic evaluations for the timely detection of conjunctival epithelial neoplasms. This helps avoid more mutilating surgeries, promotes the patient’s general and mental health, and supports the continuation of their rehabilitation and productive life.

Palabras clave: Anophthalmos. Artificial eye. Carcinoma in situ. Carcinoma of squamous cells. Conjunctival neoplasm. Early detection of cancer.