Frecuencia de enfermedades neuroftalmológicas en un hospital de referencia de tercer nivel de atención en México

Azyadeh Camacho-Ordóñez, Departamento de Estrabismo, Instituto de Oftalmología, Fundación Conde de Valenciana I.A.P.; Clínica de Neuroftalmología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía. Ciudad de México, México
Irene González-Olhovich, Departamento de Estrabismo, Instituto de Oftalmología, Fundación Conde de Valenciana I.A.P., Ciudad de México, México

Objective: To describe the most common neuro-ophthalmological diseases in an outpatient clinic at a tertiary reference hospital in Mexico. Materials and methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional, observational, and descriptive study was performed on clinical cases evaluated at the neuro-ophthalmological outpatient clinic, Mexico City, Mexico, between January of 2020 and January of 2021. Results: A total of 573 clinical cases were included. The mean age was 47.4 ± 16.3 years old, and 58.3% (n = 334) of the patients were women. The main complaint was a poor vision acuity in 46.8% of the patients (n = 268), diplopia in 14.5% (n = 83), and visual field defects in 10.6% (n = 61). The principal visual field defect was heteronymous hemianopia in 10.8% (n = 62). Compressive optic neuropathy occurred in 18.0% (n = 103), optic neuritis in 11.5% (n = 66), infranuclear eye movements occurred in 9.6% (n = 55), and supranuclear eye movements in 4.9% (n = 28), ocular surface and anterior segment alterations in 4.9% (n = 28) were the most frequent ocular findings. The leading neurological diagnosis was brain tumor at 38.2% (n = 219), demyelinating autoimmune diseases of the central nervous system at 15.4% (n = 88), and cerebrovascular diseases at 5.2% (n = 30). Conclusion: Vision disorders are common manifestations of neurological diseases. Compressive optic neuropathy and optic neuritis were the most frequent neuro-ophthalmological diagnoses. This study allows to acknowledge the demands of attention to specify the needs of neuro-ophthalmological care.

Palabras clave: Hospital-based. Mexico. Neuro-ophthalmology.