Objetivo: El propósito de este estudio es evaluar el error refractivo y las disfunciones visuales de los estudiantes que asisten al sistema educativo básico (12-15 años) del estado de Sinaloa, México.
Métodos: Un total de 901 (451 mujeres y 450 hombres) estudiantes del sistema escolar básico de Sinaloa participaron en el estudio de 2020 a 2021. Optometristas y estudiantes clínicos del Programa de Optometría de la Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa realizaron las pruebas. Las pruebas incluyeron agudeza visual y retinoscopía estática. Utilizamos un agente ciclopléjico para aquellos con una agudeza visual lejana igual o inferior a 20/40 según el protocolo RESC.
Resultados: Los resultados mostraron una alta prevalencia de errores refractivos no corregidos. La miopía, definida como un error de refracción ≤ -0,50 D, tuvo una prevalencia de 24,7 (IC 95%: 21,5— 27,5) La hipermetropía, definida como un error de refracción ≥ +2,00 D, tuvo una prevalencia de 2,04% (IC 95%: 1,14 - 3.19) y el astigmatismo, definido como un error refractivo con un cilindro ≥ 0,75 D, tuvo una prevalencia del 19,8% (IC 95%: 16,9-22,5). No encontramos un efecto significativo del sexo sobre la agudeza visual.
Conclusión: Nuestros resultados son consistentes con una alta prevalencia de miopía reportada en niños a nivel mundial y en las regiones del norte de México. Los resultados sugieren que los niños que asisten al sistema educativo básico deben realizarse un examen oftalmológico optométrico.
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